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Fisheries Science of Ukraine, 2026; 2(76): 124-147
DOI: https://doi.org/10.61976/fsu2026.02.124
UDC [639.3.043.13:636.087.74]:639.371.52

Received: 14.04.2026
Received in revised form: 28.05.2026
Published: 30.06.2026

Assessment of the potential for using grape pomace in carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) feeding

O. Zaporozhets, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. , ORCID ID 0009-0004-6692-7906, Institute of Fisheries of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv
O. Deren, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. , ORCID ID 0000-0002-8246-9456, Institute of Fisheries of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv

Purpose. To assess the effectiveness of incorporating grape pomace into the diet of age-1+ carp (Cyprinus carpio) in terms of growth, antioxidant status, and the morphofunctional condition of the digestive organs.

Methodology. The study involved age-1+ carp with an average initial weight of 37.7 g, which were kept in 150 dmі aquariums containing 25 fish each. Optimal identical physico-chemical parameters of the water were maintained. A control group and three experimental groups were formed. The experimental feeding lasted 30 days with a compound feed of a specific composition. Grape pomace was introduced into the diet of the experimental groups at a rate of 0.5% (experiment 1), 1.0% (experiment 2) and 2.0% (experiment 3). Standard methods were used to determine fish weight gain, the activity of antioxidant and digestive enzymes in the hepatopancreas, and to conduct histomorphometric studies of the midgut, the exocrine segment of the hepatopancreas and the hepatic parenchyma.

Findings. The inclusion of grape pomace did not result in any significant changes in the growth rate of carp. An improvement in the body’s antioxidant status was observed, manifested by a significant reduction in the levels of lipid peroxidation products — diene conjugates — by 27–32% and TBA products by 7–37% in all experimental groups compared to the control group, as well as a significant reduction in superoxide dismutase activity (by 18.0–47.0%), which might indicate a reduction in the intensity of oxidative stress. The results obtained indicate that the inclusion of lower concentrations of grape pomace in the feed (experiments 1 and 2) had an insignificant effect on the morphofunctional condition of the fish. In contrast, in experiment 3 the values for villus height, crypt depth and muscle layer width in the fish were significantly lower (p < 0,01) by 136.36; 24.60 and 22.11 µm, respectively, compared to the control. In the secretory segment of the hepatopancreas, the synthesis of digestive enzymes was activated, and in the liver parenchyma, there was a shift in hepatocyte function towards glycogen accumulation. At the tissue level in the intestine, activation of the mucous membrane, accelerated haemodynamics and an enhanced immune status were observed.

Originality. An adaptogenic effect of grape pomace in the carp diet has been established, which was manifested by a reduction in oxidative stress, improved immunity and digestive function without any significant impact on growth rates.

Practical Value. The prospects and feasibility of using grape pomace as a phytogenic feed additive to enhance the physiological resilience of carp and optimise digestive processes have been substantiated, which is a key challenge facing modern aquaculture.

Keywords: phytogenic supplements, weight gain, antioxidant status, intestine, exocrine segment of the hepatopancreas, hepatic parenchyma.

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