pdf35

Ribogospod. nauka Ukr., 2018; 4(46): 26-48
DOI: 10.15407/fsu2018.04.026
УДК: 639.3:595.142.39

Red Californian earthworm (Eisenia foetida andrei) as a valuable food item in fish farming (review)

N. Kolesnyk, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. , Institute of Fisheries, NAAS, Kyiv
M. Simon, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. , Institute of Fisheries, NAAS, Kyiv
O. Marenkov, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. , Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Dnipro
T. Sharamok, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. , Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Dnipro

Purpose. To analyze a selection of professional literature and summarize the information on the vermiculture of the Red Californian earthworm (Eisenia foetida andrei). To present the achievements of modern biotechnology of this species. To consider the features of different cultivation methods, as well as the possibilities and prospects of its use as a food item in aquaculture.

Results. This work contains brief information on the biology and artificial selection of this species of lower invertebrates, its use in fish farming, as well as in other branches of the national economy. Currently, the market presents several hybrids of this species, adapted to local climatic conditions. This is the reason to consider the features of the production characteristics of hybrids of the Red Californian earth worm from different countries.

The article provides recommendations on the specificity of procurement of the breeding culture, optimal methods of further cultivation depending on the needs of the farms, the main requirements for the substrate and feed, as well as methods for assessing the quality of the obtained biomass. Data on the amino acid composition of flour made of the Red Californian earthworm are given, its fodder value in comparison with traditional feeds for fish, and the specifics of feeding various species of fish. The work presents a method for preparation of starter feed for carp fish using technology developed by Yevtushenko M. Yu.

An overview of scientific studies has revealed that the Red Californian earthworm is optimally used not only as a valuable high protein feed for multi-aged fish groups, but also for the production of organic fertilizers – biocompost. The latter was widespread not only in crop production, but also in the recultivation of different soils.

Practical significance. The summarized information will be useful for researchers who are exploring ways to optimize fish feeding. The presented technology of cultivating red Californian earthworms is most palatable for fish farms of different types of aquaculture. Obtaining biocompost as a valuable by-product of vermiculture provides an opportunity for their integrated development and obtaining additional profit.

Key words: red Californian earthworm (Eisenia foetida andrei), vermiculture, aquaculture, fodder organisms, biocompost.

REFERENCES

  1. Spurgeon, D. J., & Hopkins, S. P. (2000). The development of genetically inherited resistance to zinc in laboratory selected generations of the earthworm Eisenia fetida. Environment Pollution, 109, 19.
  2. Meyer, W. J., & Bouwman, H. (1995). Suitable characters for selective breeding in Eisenia fetida (Oligochaeta). Biology Fertility Soil, 20, 53-56.
  3. Kodolova, O. P., Striganova, B. R., & Sidorova, T. N. (1993). Sravnitel'noe issledovanie reprodukcionnogo potenciala lokal'nyh poselenij kompostnogo chervja Eisenia fetida (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae). Izvestija AN SSSR. Ser. biol., 4, 558-568.
  4. Habarova, T. V., Trishkin, I. B., & Kochetkov, A. S. (2016). Sposob i tehnologija promyshlennogo vermikompostirovanija othodov sel'sko-hozjajstvennogo proizvodstva. Vestnik Soveta molodyh uchenyh Rjazanskogo gosudarstvennogo agrotehnologicheskogo universiteta imeni P. A. Kostycheva, 1(2), 10-15.
  5. Es'kov, A. I., Kasatikov, V. A., Rusakova, I. V., & Kravchenko, M. E. (2004). Agrojekologicheskie aspekty proizvodstva i primenenija vermikompostov. Dostizhenija nauki i tehniki APK, 4, 6-8.
  6. Timofeeva, S. S. (2009). Jekologicheskaja biotehnologija. Irkutsk: IrGTU.
  7. Mel'nik, I. A. (1990). Dozhdevye chervi na sluzhbe sel'skogo hozjajstva. Sel'skohozjajstvennaja biologija, 5, 160-163.
  8. Striganova, B. R. (1988). Vlijanie dozhdevyh chervej na dinamiku pochvennyh processov. Biodinamika pochv. Tallinn.
  9. Gorchakov, Ja. V., & Durmanov, D. N. (2002). Mirovoe organicheskoe zemledelie XXI veka. Moskva : PANMS.
  10. Pokrovskaja, S. F. (1991). Ispol'zovanie dozhdevyh chervej dlja pererabotki organicheskih othodov i povyshenija plodorodija (vermikul'tura). Moskva: VNIITJeIagroprom.
  11. Potapov, D. S., Stom, D. I., & Balajan, A. Je. (1998).  Novye metody optimizacii vermikul'tivirovanija. Bjulleten' VSNC SO RAMN, №2(8), 35-40.
  12. Prosjannikov, E. V., Truveller, K. A., & Kupcova, N. Ju. (2007). Jekologo-produkcionnaja raznokachestvennost' kompostnyh chervej po otnosheniju k raznym substratam. Agrohimicheskij vestnik, 1, 21-24.
  13. Prosjannikov, E. V., Truveller, K. A., & Kupcova, N. Ju. (2008). Harakteristika vermikompostov razlichnyh populjacij dozhdevyh kompostnyh chervej (Eisenia andrei, Eisenia foetida). Agrohimija, 12, 40-44.
  14. Prosjannikov, E. V., Kislova E. N., & Popkovich, L. V. (2007). Proizvodstvenno-jekonomicheskaja ocenka vermitehnologii. Vestnik Rossijskoj akademii sel'skohozjajstvennyh nauk, 4, 29-31.
  15. Prosjannikov, E. V., Popkovich, L. V., Bovkun, G. F., & Kislova, E. N. (2009). Materialo- i jenergosberegajushhie tehnologicheskie priemy vermikompostirovanija. AgroXXI, 46, 41-43.
  16. Stadnik, B. G., & Bakulov, I. A. (1994). Novoe napravlenie v biologizacii zemledelija. Himija v sel'skom hozjajstve, 3, 23-24.
  17. Tereshhenko, P. V. (2005). Agrojekologija. Modul' 10. Vermikul'tura i biogumus. Pushhino: ONTI PNC RAN, 50.
  18. Kupcova, N. Ju. (2008). Sravnitel'naja ocenka dozhdevyh kompostnyh chervej, kul'tiviruemyh v Rossii. Extended abstract of candidate's thesis. Brjansk.
  19. Truveller, K. A., & Nefedov, G. N. (2002). Uskorennoe poluchenie gibridnyh mestnyh populjacij kompostnyh chervej Eisenia foetida (Lumbricidae, Oligohaeta) dlja jekociklinga organicheskih othodov. Dozhdevye chervi i plodorodie pochv: I mezhdunar. konf. Vladimir, Rossija, 7-8.
  20. Andreev, A. G., Kodolova, O. P., Nefjodov, G. N., Truveller, K. A., & Serkutan, K. N. (1992). Perspektivy razvitija vermikul'tury na osnove selekcii: Mezhdunar. nauchn.-prakt. konf. Dnepropetrovsk, 20.
  21. Tiunov, A. V. (2004). Vermikompost, vermikompostirovanie i kompostnye chervi: napravlenie nauchnyh issledovanij v poslednee desjatiletie. Dozhdevye chervi i plodorodie pochv: II mezhdunar. konf. Kovrov, Rossija, 9-11.
  22. Striganova, B. R. (1980). Pitanie pochvennyh saprofagov. Moskva: Nauka.
  23. Suzuki, K. T. (1987). Quantification and characterization of metallothionein in tissues of lower vertebrates and invertebrates. Experientia, 52, 265-272. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-6784-9_21 
  24. Fedjukin, V. S., Fartukov, S. V., Chubatova, S. A., Golubkov, A. S. Shalanda, A.V., Surova, E. P., & Sholohov, I. V. (2004). Dozhdevoy cherv' – sokrovishchnitsa prirody, ili v mire innovatsiy. Dozhdevye chervi i plodorodie pochv: II mezhdunar. konf. Kovrov, Rossiya. 46-47.
  25. Zhenjun, S. Farmatsevticheskaya tsennost' i ispol'zovanie dozhdevykh chervey v Kitae. (2004). Dozhdevye chervi i plodorodie pochv : II mezhdunar. konf. Kovrov, Rossiya, 87-93.
  26. Zhenjun, S. (2003). Vermiculture and vermiprotein. China Agricultural University Press.
  27. Sadchikov, A. P. (2009). Kul'tivirovanie vodnykh i nazemnykh bespozvonochnykh (printsipy i metody). Moskva : MAKS Press, 272.
  28. Dmitrieva, V. I., & Stepanova, A. I. (2000). Vermikul'tivirovanie: teoriya, opyt, praktika. Sakhapomirafizdat.
  29. Mel'nik, I. A. (1990). Dozhdevye chervi na sluzhbe sel'skogo khozyaystva. Sel'skokhozyaystvennaya biologiya, 5, 160-163.
  30. Igonin, A. M. (1995). Kak povysit' plodorodie pochvy v desyatki raz s pomoshch'yu dozhdevykh chervey. Moskva: Marketing.
  31. Gorodniy, N. M., Mel'nik, I. A., & Povkhan, M. F. (1990). Biokonversiya organicheskikh otkhodov v biodinamicheskom khozyaystve. Kiev: Urozhay,
  32. Pokrovskaya, S. F. (1991). Ispol'zovanie dozhdevykh chervey dlya pererabotki organicheskikh otkhodov i povysheniya plodorodiya pochv (vermikul'tura). Moskva: Agroprom.
  33. Tomati, U., Grappelli, A., & Galli, E. (1988). The hormone - like effect of earthworms on plant growth. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 4, 288-294. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00262133 
  34. Maksimova, S. L. (Ed.). (2007). Vermikompostirovanie i vermikul'tivirovanie kak osnova ekologicheskogo zemledeliya v XXI veke: problemy, perspektivy, dostizheniya. Minsk: Institut zoologii NAN Belarusi.
  35. Maksimova, S. L., & Bosak, V. N. (2007). Vermikompostirovanie i vermikul'tivirovanie: sostoyanie, problemy i perspektivy. Belorusskoe sel'skoe khozyaystvo, 9, 65-66.
  36. Tsyganov, A. R. (2002). Tekhnologiya prigotovleniya i primeneniya vermikomposta (biogumusa). Gorki: BGSKhA.
  37. Derevyagin, V. A., Derevyagina, R. N., & Kravchenko, M. E. (1989). Pererabotka organicheskogo syr'ya. Khimizatsiya sel'skogo khozyaystva, 7, 25-27.
  38. Kosolapova, A. I., Smyshlyaev, E. I., & Kosolapov, I. N. (1996). Vermikul'tura i ee vozmozhnosti. Ryazan'.
  39. Ohorodnik, O. O., Harbar, O. V., & Alpatova, O. M. (2014). Porivnialnyi analiz henetychnoi struktury pryrodnykh populiatsii Eisenia foetida (Savigny, 1826) ta obiektiv vermikultury. Biolohichni doslidzhennia, 176-177.
  40. Albani, J. R., Demuynck, S., Grumiaux, F., & Lepretre, A. (2003). Fluorescence fingerprints of Eisenia fetida and Eisenia Andrei. Photochem. Photobiology, 78, 599-602. https://doi.org/10.1562/0031-8655(2003)078<0599:FFOEFA>2.0.CO;2 
  41. Edwards, C. A. (2011). Introduction, history, and potential of vermicomposting technology. Vermiculture Technology.Earthworms, Organic Wastes, and Environmental Management. Boca Raton, London, New York: CRC Press, 11-21.
  42. Venter, J. M., & Reinecke, A. J. (1988). The life cycle of the compost worm Eisenia fetida (Oligochaeta). S. Afr. J. Zool., 3, 161-165. https://doi.org/10.1080/02541858.1988.11448096 
  43. Timofeeva, S. S. (1999). Ekologicheskaya biotekhnologiya. Irkutsk: IGTU.
  44. Khyzhniak, M. I., & Fedorenko, V. D. (2005). Rekomendatsii z vyrobnytstva ta vykorystannia produktsii vermykultury u stavovomu rybnytstvi. Kyiv: Urozhai.
  45. Andriushchenko, A. I., Baltadzhi, R. A., Vovk, N. I., Hrynzhevskyi, M. V., Hudyma, B. I., & Demchenko, I. T. et al. (1998). Metody pidvyshchennia pryrodnoi ryboproduktyvnosti staviv. Rybne hospodarstvo, 49-50, 3-119.
  46. Andriushchenko, A. I., Baltadzhi, R. A., Vovk, N. I., Hrynzhevskyi, M. V., Hudyma, B. I., & Demchenko, I. T. et al. (1998). Metody pidvyshchennia pryrodnoi ryboproduktyvnosti staviv. Kyiv.
  47. Gorodnij, N. M. (1996). Biokonversija v upravlenii agrojekosistemami. Kiev: NAU.
  48. Povkhan, M. F., Mel'nik, I. A., & Andrienko, V. A. (1994).  Vermikul'tura: proizvodstvo i ispol'zovanie. Kyiv: UkrINTEI.
  49. Zheltov, Ju. A. (2001). Sravnitel'naja ocenka nekotoryh kormov zhivotnogo proishozhdenija i ih ispol'zovanie v kormlenii ryb. Problemy i perspektivy razvitija akvakul'tury v Rossii: nauchno-prakt. konf. Adler, Rossija, 175-177.
  50. Zheltov, Ju. A., Hrynzhevskyi, M. V., & Demchenko, I. F. et al. (1999). Rekomendatsii z vykorystannia mistsevykh ta netradytsiinykh kormiv dlia hodivli koropa u stavakh. Kyiv: Urozhai.
  51. Mel'nik, I. A. (1991). Prigotovlenie vermikomposta i razvedenie dozhdevykh chervey. Khimizatsiya sel'skogo khozyaystva, 1, 44-50.
  52. Melnyk, I. P., & Karpets, I. P. (1991). Vermykultura yak zasib vyrobnytstva biohumusu, kormovoho bilka y ozdorovlennia navkolyshnoho seredovyshcha. Ivano-Frankivsk.
  53. Svezhentsov, A. A. (2001). Netradytsiini kormovi dobavky. Tvarynnytstvo Ukrainy, 1, 21-23.
  54. Kharitonova, H. H., et al. (1996). K tekhnologii razvedeniya kaliforniyskikh chervey v rybovodstve. Povyshenie kachestva rybnoy produktsii vodoemov: mezhdun. konf. Kiev, 48-49.
  55. Khizhnyak, M. I. (2000). Vermikul'tura v rybovodstve. Rybne gospodarstvo, 56, 132-136.
  56. Koshhaev, A. G., Zholobova, I. S., & Sazonova, N. V. (2011). Biotekhnologiya kormov i kormovykh dobavok. Krasnodar: FGOU VPO Kubanskiy GAU.
  57. Khyzhniak, M. I., et al. (2003). Pidroshchuvannia lychynok koropa na sukhii podribnenii biomasi kaliforniiskoho cherviaka. Rybne hospodarstvo, 62, 46-48.
  58. Khyzhniak, M. I., et al. (2002). Vyroshchuvannia tsoholitok koropa na biomasi kaliforniiskoho cherviaka. Rybne hospodarstvo, 62, 49-51.
  59. Sherman, I. M., Hrynzhevskyi, M. V., Zheltov Yu. O., et al. (2001). Hodivlia ryb. Kyiv: Vyshcha osvita.
  60. Koshchaev, A. G., Koshchaeva, O. V., & Eliseev, M. A. (2014). Biotekhnologiya vermikul'tivirovaniya organicheskikh otkhodov. Nauchnyy zhurnal KubGAU, 95, 594-693.
  61. Tereshchenko, P. V. (2000). Vermikul'tura i biogumus. Pushchino: Departament kadrovoy politiki i obrazovaniya MSKh i prodovol'stviya RF.
  62. Prosyannikov, E. V., Eremin, A. V., & Meshkov, I. I. (2000). Slovar'-spravochnik po vermitekhnologii: Razvedenie dozhdevykh chervey, proizvodstvo effektivnogo organicheskogo udobreniya i tsennogo korma. Bryansk: Bryan. gos. s.-kh. akad. i dr.
  63. Khot'ko, E. I., & Shavanova, T. M. (2005). Razvedenie mestnoy populyatsii navoznogo chervya Eisenia foetida Sav. v usloviyakh Belarusi: metod. rekomendatsii. Minsk: Pravo i ekonomika.
  64. Ievtushenko, M. Yu. (2011). Tekhnolohiia vyhotovlennia startovoho kormu dlia ryb iz hibryda kaliforniiskoho cherviaka. Rybohospodarska nauka Ukrainy, 3(17), 91-100.
Home2018№ 4/2018 (46)2018-04_026-048_Kolesnyk