pdf35

Ribogospod. nauka Ukr., 2017; 4(42): 75-84
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/fsu2017.04.075 
УДК 574.64+597.551.2:591.[1/5] (282.247.327)

Histological-morphometric structure of the liver of some cyprinids (Cyprinidae Rafinesque, 1810) from the Zaporizhzhia reservoir

T. Sharamok, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. , Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Dnipro
V. Kurchenko, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. , Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Dnipro
N. Kolesnyk, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. , Institute of Fisheries NAAS, Kyiv

Purpose. To investigate the state of the liver of wild carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) and bream (Abramis brama Linnaeus, 1758) from sites of the Zaporizhzhia reservoir with different human pressures based on histological and cytometric parameters

Methodology.The study was carried out in two zones of the Zaporizhzhia reservoir with different degrees and types of human impact - the lower part, located in the agrarian zone (conditionally "environmentally clean" site), and in the Samara Bay with high content of heavy metals in water. The objects of the study were age-4 bream and wild carp. The fish livers for histological studies were obtained from freshly caught fish (in the spring-summer period) by anatomical dissection. Fragments of organs of 0.3 – 0.5 cm were taken for preservation. For the preparation of histological preparations, the liver tissue was stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The pictures of histological preparations were made with the aid of a digital camera connected to the microscope. Histologic sections were investigated with 40X magnification using a microscope with the Sciencelab T500 5.17 M digital camera.

Findings. Human impact on the hydroelectric system causes signs of hepatocyte hypertrophy and a number of histopathologies in cyprinids in the Samara Bay. The cytometric analysis of the liver showed that the area of hepatocytes in the bay was larger in comparison with the the individuals of similar age from the lower part of the reservoir by 20 and 10% for the wild carp and bream, respectively. In this case, a 14% increase in the small diameter of cells was observed the in hepatocytes of carp, and a 10% increase in large diameter and a 19% increase in nucleus area was observed in bream. The results of the histological invesatigation of the morphological structure of the liver of cyprinids inhabiting the Samara Bay have revealed a number of pathological changes. Fatty liver dystrophy was observed in 37% of bream and 12% of wild carp. The bream liver (2%) had necrotic areas of parenchyma. In the 50% of bream and 25% of wild carp, the initial necrosis stages occurred, which were manifested as changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Frequently, karyopicnosis and cariolysis and destruction of cellular integrity were observed, which may indicate on a chronic damage and a progressive pathological process. There were no pathologies in the fish inhabiting the lower part of the reservoir.

Originality. For the first time a cytometric and histological study of the liver of age-4 bream and wild carp from the Zaporizhian reservoir was performed.

Practical Value. The obtained results can be used for the detection of histological biomarkers, the most sensitive to the effect of toxic substances. Fish liver is the most appropriate organ for such researches, since changes in its cytometric and histological parameters are a prerequisite for a number of changes in the metabolism as a separate organ and other interconnected systems of fish organism.

Keywords: bream, wild carp, Zaporizhzhia reservoir, cytometric and histological parameters, liver, hepatocytes.

REFERENCES

  1. Krjuchkov, V. N., Dubovskaja, A. V., & Fomin, I. V. (2006). Osobennosti patologicheskoj morfologii pecheni ryb v sovremennyh uslovijah.  Vestnik AGTU,  3 (32), 94-100.
  2. Hadi, А. А., & Alwan, S. F. (2012). Histopathological changes in gills, liver and kidney of fresh water fish, Tilapia zillii, exposed to aluminum. Int. J. of Pharm. & Life Sci., 11, 2071-2081.
  3. Hued, A. C., & Oberhofer, S. (2012). Exposure to a commercial glyphosate formulation (Roundup®) alters normal gill and liver histology and affects male sexual activity of Jenynsia multidentata (Anablepidae, Cyprinodontiformes). Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 62(1), 107-117. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-011-9686-7 
  4. Georgieva, E., Stoyanova, S., & Velcheva, I. еt al. (2014). Metal effects on histological and biochemical parameters of common rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus L.). Archives of Polish Fisheries, 22, 197- 206. https://doi.org/10.2478/aopf-2014-0020 
  5. Wrona, F. G., Cash K.J.(1996).The ecosystem approach to environment assessment: moving from theory to practice. J. Aquat. Ecosyst. Health.
  6. Hinton, D. E., Segner, H., & Braunbeck, T. (2001). Toxic responses of the liver. Target Organ Toxicity in Marine and Freshwater Teleosts. London: Taylor & Francis.
  7. Thophon, S., Kruatrachue, M., & Upathan, E. S. еt al. (2003). Histopathological alterations of white seabass (Lates calcarifer) in acute and subchronic cadmium exposure. Environ. Pollut., 121, 307-320. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00270-1 
  8. Silkina, N. I., Mikrjakov, D. V., & Mikrjakov, V. R. (2012). Vlijanie antropogennogo  zagrjaznenija na okislitel'nye processy v pecheni ryb Rybinskogo vodohranilishha. Ekologija, 5, 361-365.
  9. Marty, G. D., Hoffman, A., & Okihiro, K. H. еt al. (2003). Retrospective analysis: Bile hydrocarbons and histopathology of demersal rockfish in Prince William Sound, Alaska, after the Exxon Valdez oil spill. Marine Environ. Res., 56, 569-584. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-1136(03)00043-6 
  10. Agamy, E. (2012). Histopathological Changes in the Livers of Rabbit Fish (Siganus canaliculatus) Following Exposure to Crude Oil and Dispersed Oil. Toxicologic pathology, 40, 1128-1140. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192623312448936 
  11. Paris-Palacios, S., Biaqianti–Risbourq, S., & Vernet, G. (2000). Biochemic and (ultra)structural hepatic perturbations of Brachydanio rerio (Teleostei, Cyprinidae) exposed to two sublethal concentrations of copper sulfate. Aquat. Toxico.l, 1-2, 109-124. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192623312448936 
  12. Pacheco, M., & Santos, M. A. (2002). Biotransformation, genotoxic and histopathological effects of environmental contaminants in European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.). Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 53, 331-347. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0147-6513(02)00017-9 
  13. Moiseenko, T. I. (2009). Vodnaja jekotoksikologija: Teoreticheskie i prikladnye aspekty. Moskva: Nauka.
  14. Handy, R. D., Runnalls, T., & Russell, P. M. (2002). Histopathologic biomarkers in three spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus, from several rivers in Southern England that meet the freshwater fisheries directive. Ecotoxicology, 11, 467-479. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021061402491 
  15. Yancheva, V., Velcheva, I., & Stoyanova, S. et al. (2016). Histological biomarkers in fish as a tool in ecological risk assessment and monitoring programs. Applied ecology and environmental research, 14(1), 47-75. https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1401_047075 
  16. Mineev, A. K. (2014). Gistopatologii nekotoryh vnutrennih organov u leshha (Abramis brama Linnaeus, 1758) Saratovskogo vodohranilishha. Jekologija i zashhita okruzhajushhej sredy: Mezhdunar. nauchn.-prakt. konf., 19-20 marta 2014 g.: tez. dokl. Minsk, 173-177.
  17. Drobot, G. P., Trubacheva, V. S., & Maljuta, O. V. et al. (2011). Gisto-morfometricheskie harakteristiki pecheni ryb kak bioindikatory kachestva vodnoj sredy. Vestnik MarGTU, 3, 102-107.