Ribogospod. nauka Ukr., 2014; 2(28): 55-68
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/fsu2014.02.055
УДК 639.3.043.2:[639.51:595.324]

CULTIVATION OF CLADOCERAN (CLADOCERA) FOR INCREASING PROVISION OF YOUNG-OF-THE-YEAR CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO) WITH NATURAL FEEDS (REVIEW)

A. Tuchapska, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. , Institute of Fisheries NAAS, Kyiv
S. Krazhan, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. , Institute of Fisheries NAAS, Kyiv

Purpose. Natural feeds are important in pond fish diet because they contain all nutrients necessary for fish growth and development. The share of natural feeds in fish diet has great effect on fish growth and immunity, assimilation of artificial feeds. The main way of assured procurement of natural feeds for fish feeding at different stages of their development is artificial cultivation of aquatic organisms. However, cultivation of natural feeds is not virtually performed in aquaculture enterprises of Ukraine, therefore an analysis of available data on zooplankton cultivation is important for looking for optimal and economically profitable methods of enrichment of pond fish diet with natural feeds.

Methodology. Methods of cladoceran cultivation were the object of the study, material for the study – literature data on ways and methods of zooplankton cultivation.

Findings. Cultivation of various species of zooplankton is performed for feeding of pond fish on different life stages. Main object of cultivation in aquaculture is Daphnia magna Straus, juvenile forms of which are consumed by fish larvae, while adult organisms are the most valuable for yearlings and older fish. The efficiency of hydrobiont cultivation highly depends on the selected object, containers, where cladocerans are cultivated, optimum conditions, peculiarities of water supply, species, and application of fertilizers and feeds.

Originality. The highest production of zooplankton can be obtained when cultivating D. magna in tanks with continuous flow and in net cages installed in ponds under condition of ensuring requirements of the culture in bacterial and algae feeds (due to application of fertilizers and feeding with feeds and microalgae taking into account their presence in water, which is in the tank-cultivator).

Practical value. Simplicity of the methods and high efficiency of zooplankton cultivation for preparation of pond fish juveniles is the basis of its wide use in current economical conditions. Cladoceran cultivation is especially important during the period of its active consumption by fish in summer months, when a depletion of the natural forage base occur in ponds.

Key words: natural forage base, D. magna cultivation, tanks, cages, daphnia pits.

REFERENCES

1. Askerov, M. K. (1960). Biotekhnika razvedeniya zhivykh kormov na Kurinskom eksperimental'nom osetrovom zavode. Materialy soveshchaniya po voprosam rybovodstva. Moskva, 194-199.

2. Romanenko,V. D., Krot, Yu. G., Sirenko, L. A., & Solomatina,V. D. (1999). Biotekhnologiya kul'tivirovaniya gidrobiontov. Kiev: Institut gidrobiologii.

3. Bogatova, I. B. (1970). Vremennye rekomendatsii po razvedeniyu  vetvistousykh rakoobraznykh v sadkakh na teplykh vodakh. Moskva.

4. Bogatova, I. B. (1980). Rybovodnaya gidrobiologiya. Moskva: Pishchevaya promyshlennost'.

5. Bogatova, I. B., & Askerov, M. K. (1958). Opyt proizvodstvennogo kul'tivirovaniya dafniy. Rybnoe khozyaystvo, 12, 21-25.

6. Hrytsyniak, I. I., Tuchapska, A. Ya., Krazhan, S. A., & Tuchapskyi, Ya. V. (2013). Vplyv ekolohichnykh umov ta zakhodiv intensyfikatsii na rist pleminnykh tsoholitok liubinskoho luskatoho koropa. Rybohospodarska nauka Ukrainy, 3,
46-54.

7. Ivleva, I. V. (1969). Biologicheskie osnovy i metody massovogo kul'tivipovaniya kopmovykh bespozvonochnykh. Moskva: Nauka.

8. Antipchuk, A. F., Krazhan, S. A., Litvinova, T. G. [et al.]. (1979). Ispol'zovanie khlorelly pri vyrashchivanii vetvistousykh rakoobraznykh (Daphnia magna) v zamknutykh sistemakh. Rybnoe khozyaystvo, 28, 44–49.

9. Kokova, V. E. (1982). Nepreryvnoe kul'tivipovanie bespozvonochnykh. Novosibirsk: Nauka.

10. Kopets, V. A. (1961). Kul'tivirovanie Daphnia magna Straus v setchatykh sadkakh. Trudy AzNIIRKh, 4, 142-144.

11. Krazhan, S. A., Antipchuk, A. F., & Litvinova, T. G. (1979). Opyt kul'tivirovaniya Daphnia magna Straus na kombikorme i gidroliznykh drozhzhakh. Rybnoe khozyaystvo, 29, 58-61.

12. Lesyuk, M. I. (2008). Opyt ispol'zovaniya pekarskikh drozhzhey dlya stimulirovaniya estestvennoy kormovoy bazy molodi osetrovykh ryb v prudakh OAO «Rybkhoz Poles'e». Voprosy rybnogo khozyaystva Belarusi: Sbornik nauchnykh trudov, 24, 127-129.

13. Maksimova, L. P. (1969). Metodicheskie ukazaniya po razvedeniyu planktonnogo rachka Moina macrocopa Straus. Leningrad.

14. Manuylova, E. F. (1964). Vetvistousye rachki (Cladocera) fauny SSSR. Moskva-Leningrad: Nauka.

15. Andriushchenko, A. I., Baltadzhi, R. A., Vovk, N. I., [et al.] (1998). Metody pidvyshchennia pryrodnoi ryboproduktyvnosti staviv. Rybne hospodarstvo, 49-50, 3-119.

16. Krazhan, S. A., Antipchuk, A. F. (1979). Metodicheskie ukazaniya po razvedeniyu zhivykh kormov v prudovykh i teplovodnykh rybnykh khozyaystvakh. L'vov.

17. Movchan, V. (1930). Poradnyk stavkovym rybnym hospodarstvam. Kharkiv: Radianskyi selianyn.

18. Naberezhniy, A. I., & Irmasheva, S. G. (1983). Kul'tivirovanie kolovratok i melkikh vetvistousykh rakoobraznykh. hydrobiologist.wordpress.com.Retrieved fromhttp://hydrobiologist.wordpress.com.

19. Ostroumova, I. N. (2001). Biologicheskie osnovy kormleniya ryb. Sankt-Peterburg.

20. Pat. 36296 Ukraina. MPK (2006) A23K 1/06. Sposib kultyvuvannia hilliastovusykh rakopodibnykh / [Tson, N. I., Hrytsyniak, I. I., Pirus, R. I., Khyzhniak, M. I., Krazhan, S. A., & Tuchapska, H. Ya.]; zaiavnyk i vlasnyk patentu Lvivska doslidna stantsiia Instytutu rybnoho hospodarstva UAAN № u200804575; zaiavleno 10.04.2008; opubl. 27.10.2008, Biul. № 20.

21. Pat. 35152 Ukraina. MPK (2006) A23K 1/10. Sposib kultyvuvannia hilliastovusykh rakopodibnykh / [Krazhan, S. A., Khyzhniak M. I., Chuzhma N. P., Bazaieva A. M., Hryhorenko T. V.]; zaiavnyk i vlasnyk patentu Instytut rybnoho hospodarstva UAAN # u 2007 10662; zaiavleno 27. 09.2007; opubl. 10.09.2008, Biul. № 17.

22. Pershina, I. F., & Shcherbina, M. A. (1999). Dostupnost' dlya karpa aminokislot Daphnia magna, kombikorma i smeshannykh diet. Voprosy fiziologii i kormleniya ryb: sbornik nauchnykh trudov, 74, 119-127.

23. Grinzhevs'kiy, N. V., Sabodash, V. M., Mikityuk, P. V., & Bazilevich, V. M. (1986). Rekomendatsii po organizatsii selektsionno-plemennoy raboty s karpom v prudovykh khozyaystvakh kolkhozov i sovkhozov Ukrainskoy SSR. Kiev.

24. Shmakova, Z. I., Zhemaeva, N. P., Tagirova, N. A., & Badaeva, I. Yu. (2001). Rekomendatsii po upravleniyu kormovoy bazoy i kontrolyu za gidrobiologicheskim rezhimom vodoemov fermerskikh khozyaystv. Sbornik nauchno-tekhnologicheskoy i metodicheskoy dokumentatsii po akvakul'ture. Moskva: Izdatel'stvo VNIRO, 45-52.

25. Romanycheva, O. D. (1968). O razvedenii dafniy pri pomoshchi setchatykh sadkov. Rybnoe khazyaystvo, 8, 15-17.

26. Spektorova, L. V. (1990). Zhivye korma dlya ryb i bespozvonochnykh. Moskva: Agropromizdat.

27. Stolovich, V. N., Gadlevskaya, N. N., Sennikova, V. D., [et al.]. (1996). Ispol'zovanie zhivotnovodcheskikh stokov dlya kul'tivirovaniya zhivykh kormov. Voprosy rybnogo khozyaystva Belarusi: Sbornik trudov Belorusskogo nauchno-issledovatel'skogo i proektno-konstruktorskogo instituta rybnogo khozyaystva, 14, 110-115.

28. Tagirova, N.A. (1972). Kul'tivirovanie Ceriodaphnia reticulate (Jurine) v sadkakh na teplykh vodakh GRES. Sbornik nauchnykh trudov. Industrial'nye metody rybovodstva. Moskva: VNIIPRKh, 1, 21-28.

29. Galkovskaya, G. A., Eremova, N. G., Mityanina, I. F., & Semenyuk, G. A. (1979). Teoreticheskie osnovy sozdaniya nepreryvnykh massovykh kul'tur kormovykh planktonnykh organizmov (dafniy i kolovratok). Minsk.

30. Khatkevich, V. F. (1970). Kul'tivirovanie dafniy i moin v usloviyakh intensivnogo akvariumnogo khozyaystva i nekotorye etologicheskie aspekty dinamiki chislennosti zhivotnykh. Materialy Vsesoyuznogo soveshchaniya po kul'tivirovaniyu zhivykh kormov, 17-19 iyulya 1970. Moskva. 144-161.

31. Shmakova, Z. I. (1986). Rekomendatsii po kul'tivirovaniyu dafnii magna v basseynakh pri protochnom rezhime. Moskva.

32. Shmakova, Z. I. (1989). Pitanie segoletkov karpa pri raznykh sposobakh povysheniya estestvennoy kormovoy bazy prudov. Kompleksnaya intensifikatsiya prudovogo rybovodstva. Sbornik nauchnykh trudov. Moskva: VNNIPRKh, 56,
8-13.

33. Shpet, G. I. (1949). Ukazaniya po razvedeniyu zhivogo korma v rybnykh khozyaystvakh (dlya rybovodov). Kiev.

34. Guziur, Janusz, Bialowas, Henryk, & Milczarzewicz, Witold. (2003). Rybactwo stawowe. Warszawa: HOZA.